Above and Over
Above and Over can both mean 'higher than'
* The snow came up above/over our knees.
* There's a spider on the ceiling just above / over your head.
We use above when one thing is not directly over another
A is above B
* We have got a little house above the lake
We use over when one thing covers another
A is over B
* There is cloud over the south of India.
And we use over when one thing crosses another (Across is also possible)
A is moving over / across B
Examples:
* Electricity cables stretch over / across the fields.
* The plane was flying over / across the channel.
We usually use over to mean more than.
* 'How old are you?' 'Over thirty'.
* He's over two meters tall.
But we use above in some expressions, particularly when we are thinking of a vertical scale.
Examples: Above zero (for temperature), above sea level, above average. etc.
Over and Across
We use both across and over to mean 'on the other side of' or 'to the other side of'
Examples:
* His house is just over / across the road.
* Try to jump over / across the stream.
We prefer over to talk about a movement to the other side of a something high.
* Why is that women climbing over the wall? (NOT:
We prefer across to talk about a movement to the other side of a flat area
* It took six weeks to walk across the desert. (NOT: It took six weeks to walk over the desert.)
Across and Through
The difference between across and through is like that difference between On and In.
Across is used for a movement on a surface.
Through is used for a movement in a Three-dimensional space, with things on all sides.
Compare :
* We walked across the ice.
* We drove across the desert.
* I walked across the square to the cafe.
* I walked through the wood.
* We drove through several towns.
* I Walked through the crowd to the bar.
* People swim and ships move across rivers, lakes etc,
* The river is too wide ti swim across.
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